• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a composite segment (1), a tunnel shell comprising a composite segment (1) and a method for forming an at least temporarily highly stressed section of the tunnel shell composed of prefabricated segments (2), wherein the composite segment has a base body (3) adapted to the shape of the tunnel shell. comprising reinforced concrete and wherein at least one load-bearing end face (4) of the composite segment (1) a reinforcing body (5) is provided.
    公开号:AT518840A1
    申请号:T50574/2016
    申请日:2016-06-24
    公开日:2018-01-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Porr Bau Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Composite segment, tunnel shell and method
    The invention relates to a composite segment, a tunnel shell and a method according to the preambles of the independent claims. In particular, the invention relates to a composite segment for forming an at least temporarily highly stressed portion of a tunnel shell composed of prefabricated segments.
    Tunnel shells composed of prefabricated segments are known in different embodiments. In particular, tunnel shells are known from so-called tubbings or tubbings, in which concrete segments are assembled in such a way that a tubular tunnel section results. The segments themselves are usually prefabricated segments made of reinforced concrete, which together form a tunnel ring. By juxtaposing a plurality of such tunnel rings along the longitudinal extension direction of the tunnel, the tunnel shell is formed. The segments of a tunnel ring abut each other with their load-bearing end faces. In practice, in the course of a tunnel shell again and again sections that are subject to higher loads, especially heavy loads. Examples of such heavily loaded sections are geologically unstable or active zones in which shear forces act on the tunnel shell, for example due to rock movements. Temporarily heavily loaded sections are, for example, sections of a tunnel shell in which segments are subsequently removed, for example to allow a branching of the tunnel shell. Since these openings of the tunnel shell are supported by the junction of the other tunnel shell again, the higher load is usually only for the time of construction.
    In such heavily loaded zones there is a risk that the maximum load capacity of the prefabricated segments, at least temporarily, is exceeded, which leads in practice to a break, in particular to a break in the load-bearing end faces of the segments. Especially in the area of the longitudinal joints, stress concentrations and local excesses of the permissible concrete compressive stresses occur due to the increased pressure forces.
    Tunnel structures are therefore known from the prior art, in which segments made of steel are used. Tubes made of steel, however, have a considerable cost disadvantage compared to Tuebbingen concrete.
    Furthermore, it is known to increase the wall thickness of the segments in order to obtain a larger load-bearing end face and thereby reduce the surface pressure. However, increasing the thickness of the segments also increases the area to be exposed in the tunnel bore, which also leads to undesirably high costs in the formation of the tunnel.
    The object of the invention is now to provide a composite segment and a tunnel shell, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
    The invention preferably relates to a composite segment for forming an at least temporarily highly stressed section of a tunnel shell composed of prefabricated segments, wherein the composite segment comprises a base body of reinforced concrete adapted to the shape of the tunnel shell.
    Optionally, it is provided that a reinforcing body is provided on at least one load-bearing end side of the composite segment.
    Optionally, it is provided that the reinforcing body is a plate-shaped or bar-shaped body which forms at least one load-bearing end face of the composite segment and / or covers the entire load-bearing end face of the main body completely or largely.
    Optionally, it is provided that the reinforcing body is formed from a material having a higher maximum surface pressure than the material of the base body, and / or that the reinforcing body has a lower brittleness than the material of the base body.
    Optionally, it is provided that the reinforcing body is made of steel and / or stainless steel.
    For example, the following exemplary materials may be used: Stainless steel plate: Section steel TK 1.4301 Yield strength fy 190 MPa, tensile strength 500 MPa. or
    Normal steel: S355K2
    Yield strength fy 295 MPa, tensile strength fu 450 - 600 MPa
    Optionally, a material having similar properties as one or both of the above two materials is used.
    If appropriate, it is provided that the reinforcing body has a load removal surface lying in the outer surface of the load-removing end side of the composite segment for abutment with an adjacent element of the tunnel shell, that the reinforcing body has a surface area applied to the base body, and / or that the connection surface is larger than the load transfer area.
    If appropriate, it is provided that the size ratio of the thickness of the reinforcing body normally considered relative to the load-removing end face lies between 0.7 and 1.3 relative to the distance of the load-transferring area from a longitudinal edge.
    Optionally, it is provided that a sealing region designed as a groove and / or as a step is provided for receiving a seal which extends in a line next to the load transfer surface over the load-transferring end side, in particular over the entire load-transferring end side.
    Optionally, it is provided that a sealing region formed as a groove and / or as a step is provided for receiving a seal which extends in a line-shaped circumferential manner along all the end faces of the composite segment.
    Optionally, it is provided that the reinforcing body has a fastening opening for receiving a fastening means such as in particular a fastening screw, a fastening bolt or a fixing dowel.
    Optionally, it is provided that the reinforcing body has a fastening opening for receiving a fastening means, and that the fastening opening is formed as a through hole penetrating the reinforcing body and possibly a part of the base body or as a blind hole open to the load-removing end face, wherein an internal thread is optionally provided in the blind hole ,
    Optionally, it is provided that the reinforcing body has a fastening opening for receiving a fastening means, and that the fastening opening is formed as a through hole penetrating the reinforcing body and possibly a part of the base body or as a blind hole which is open to load-bearing front side, wherein the opening of the blind hole and / or the passage opening of the passage opening are arranged within the load transfer surface.
    Optionally, it is provided that an injection line is provided for introducing an injection means, such as in particular a sealing means, which projects into the connection surface lying between the base body and the reinforcing body.
    Optionally, it is provided that the reinforcing body on its side opposite the load-removal surface at least one, preferably a plurality
    Anchor extensions carries, which are firmly connected to the body and in particular firmly embedded in the body.
    Optionally, it is provided that a reinforcing body is provided on a load-bearing end face of the composite segment or on both load-bearing end faces of the composite segment.
    Optionally, it is provided that the composite segment is a special tubbing to form a part of a tunnel shell.
    Optionally, the invention relates to a tunnel shell, comprising a plurality of prefabricated concrete segments, characterized in that at least one composite segment is provided in an at least temporarily highly loaded portion of the tunnel shell.
    Optionally, it is provided that in the at least temporarily highly loaded portion, a first composite segment and a second composite segment are provided, both of which are configured according to at least one of the preceding claims, and that the first composite segment rests with its reinforcing body on the reinforcing body of the second composite segment and / or the first composite segment with the load transfer surface of its reinforcing body lies flat against the load transfer surface of the reinforcing body of the second composite segment.
    Optionally, it is provided that the attachment opening of the first composite segment and the attachment opening of the second composite segment are arranged in alignment, and that a fastening means for connecting the two composite segments protrudes through and / or into the attachment openings.
    Optionally, it is provided that at least one centering means for positional centering of the first composite segment to the second composite segment and in particular for positional centering of the load transfer surface of the first composite segment to the load transfer surface of the second composite segment is provided.
    Optionally, it is provided that at least one centering means for positional centering of the first composite segment to the second composite segment and in particular for
    Position centering of the load transfer surface of the first composite segment to the load transfer surface of the second composite segment is provided, and that the centering means comprises a centering extension which projects from the reinforcing body of a composite segment in a centering opening of the reinforcing body of the other composite segment.
    Optionally, it is provided that the first composite segment together with the second composite segment and in particular the sealing region of the reinforcing body of the first composite segment together with the sealing region of the reinforcing body of the second composite segment forms a sealing groove in which a seal for sealing the tunnel shell is provided.
    If necessary, it is provided that the tunnel shell comprises a plurality of configured as tubbing prefabricated segments made of reinforced concrete, wherein the concrete extends to the load-bearing end faces of the segments whereby the load-bearing end faces of the segments are formed of concrete, and that in an at least temporarily highly loaded portion of the Tunnel shell as Sondertübbinge configured composite segments are provided.
    Optionally, it is provided that the tunnel shell has a tunnel shell opening in the area of the at least temporarily highly loaded section, and that the tunnel shell is formed at least partially from composite segments in the region of the tunnel shell opening and / or that the tunnel shell opening is at least partially surrounded by the composite segments.
    Optionally, it is provided that the tunnel shell comprises a main tunnel shell and a secondary tunnel shell, that the main tunnel shell has a tunnel shell opening in the region of the at least temporarily highly stressed section, from which the secondary tunnel shell branches off.
    Optionally, it is provided that the tunnel shell opening is provided with a support frame, wherein the support frame is a secondary tunnel shell, which opens into the main tunnel shell in the region of the tunnel shell opening or branches off from this, and that the load acting on the highly loaded portion is at least partially supported by the support frame , whereby the composite segments are at least partially relieved.
    Optionally, the invention relates to a method for forming a tunnel shell, comprising the following steps: - continuously forming the tunnel shell by juxtaposing several prefabricated concrete segments, - forming the at least temporarily highly loaded portion of the tunnel shell by juxtaposing the composite segments.
    Optionally, it is provided that the tunnel shell is provided with a tunnel shell opening in the region of the at least temporarily highly loaded section, wherein the tunnel shell opening is formed in a region which is at least partially surrounded by composite segments of the tunnel shell.
    Optionally, it is provided that the tunnel shell opening is formed after the formation of a continuous tunnel shell by removing concrete segments of the tunnel shell and / or by partially removing concrete segments or composite segments of the tunnel shell.
    Optionally, it is provided that the tunnel shell opening is provided with a support frame, wherein the support frame is in particular a wreath, a concreted wreath, a tunnel shell opening from the inside supporting wreath or a secondary tunnel shell, which opens into the tunnel shell in the tunnel shell opening, and that on the highly stressed portion acting load is at least partially supported by the support frame, whereby the composite segments are at least partially relieved.
    In particular, the invention relates to a tunnel shell, in which both conventional segments of reinforced concrete, in particular conventional segments, as well as composite segments according to the invention are provided. The composite segments are preferably provided in the highly stressed sections of the tunnel shell. The rest of the tunnel shell can be made of conventional, inexpensive to produce concrete segments.
    For better understanding, some terms are defined in more detail below: segments are ring segments, ie parts of a ring, which together form a ring. These are preferably made of concrete, in particular made of reinforced concrete. The individual segments of a ring abut each other with their load-bearing end faces. The load-bearing end faces run along the longitudinal joints of the tunnel shell, ie essentially along the course of the tunnel. Furthermore, the segments have further end faces, which extend in particular along the annular joints, that is to say in a normal plane of the longitudinal direction of the tunnel shell. Thus, each segment, in particular each tubbing, preferably has four end faces. In addition, each tubbing preferably has an outer side facing the surrounding material and an inner side facing the inner side of the tunnel.
    Preferably, it is provided that the reinforcing body is designed as a solid plate or solid trained beam. The material of this solid body is preferably steel or stainless steel. As solid trained body in particular a body is referred to, which has no cavities.
    Optionally, it is provided that that side of the reinforcing body, which rests against the base body and forms the connecting surface, is formed as a flat surface. From this surface preferably protrude more anchor extensions for connecting the reinforcing body to the body.
    According to a further embodiment, however, the surface may also be structured and, in particular, may have regular or irregular elevations and troughs.
    Optionally, it can be provided in all embodiments that the reinforcing body is provided exclusively on a load-bearing end face of the composite segment. The other end faces, for example, run along the ring joints and the outside and the inside are formed in this case by the main body. An exception to this definition is the area in which the outside, the inside and the end faces of the ring joints is formed by the reinforcing body itself. Optionally, it can also be provided that the composite segment comprises two reinforcing bodies, the two reinforcing bodies being provided exclusively on the load-bearing end faces.
    The main body thus extends optionally in all embodiments to the outside, to the inside and to the two end sides, which extend along the annular joints.
    Optionally, it is provided that the reinforcement of the base body is formed on the inside and thus completely surrounded by the material of the body, in particular of concrete. Preferably, the reinforcement is spaced from the reinforcing body and / or spaced from the anchor extensions in the base body. In particular, the reinforcement is arranged at a distance from the outer surfaces of the base body. The reinforcement may for example be a conventional steel reinforcement.
    Optionally, it is provided that the sealing region extends approximately parallel to the longitudinal edge of the reinforcing body. In particular, the sealing area preferably runs parallel to the load transfer area. The load transfer surface is thus preferably a strip which is arranged within the two longitudinal edges and is optionally arranged between two sealing regions.
    Optionally, it is provided that the load transfer surface is formed as a centrally extending strip. This centrally arranged strip extends substantially parallel and spaced from the longitudinal edge or the two longitudinal edges. The distance between the strip and the two longitudinal edges may be the same, so that the force introduced via the load transfer surface can be uniformly distributed over the connecting surface.
    Optionally, it is provided that the tunnel shell has a diameter, a width and / or a height in the range of 5m to 20m.
    1 shows a schematic view of a section of a tunnel shell, FIG. 2 a development of a section of a tunnel shell, FIG. 3 a sectional view of the connection region of two composite segments, and FIG. 4 likewise a sectional view a connection region of two composite segments show.
    Unless otherwise indicated, the reference numerals correspond to the following components: composite segment 1, prefabricated segment 2, main body 3, load-bearing front side (of the composite segment) 4, reinforcing body 5, load-bearing front side (of the base body) 6, outer surface (the load-bearing front side of the composite segment) 7 , Load transfer surface 8, connection surface 9,
    Thickness 10, distance 11, longitudinal edge 12, sealing region 13, seal 14, attachment opening 15, attachment means 16, injection conduit 17, anchor extension 18, first composite segment 19, second composite segment 20, centering means 21, centering extension 22, centering opening 23, seal groove 24, tunnel shell opening 25, Pintle 26, fire protection coating 27.
    Fig. 1 shows a part of a tunnel shell, in which an at least temporarily highly loaded section is arranged. The tunnel shell comprises a plurality of prefabricated segments 2, which are basically configured to form a tunnel shell. In the highly loaded zone, some segments are replaced by composite segments 1 in the present embodiment. The highly loaded zone of this tunnel shell is given in particular by a tunnel shell opening 25. Through the tunnel shell opening 25, the forces acting through the surrounding soil on the tunnel shell forces along the adjacent segments, whereby increased forces and stresses occur in this area. Optionally, these forces are carried by inserting a further tunnel shell in the tunnel shell opening 25 - however, at least in the creation of the tunnel shell opening 25 is a temporary increased load, in particular a temporary overloading of the conventional prefabricated segments 2 given. The composite segments 1 each comprise a reinforcing body 5 on at least one load-bearing end face 4 of the composite element 1. In the present case, a first composite segment 19 and a second composite segment 20 are provided in pairs. Both composite segments 19, 20 of a pair each comprise a reinforcing body 5. In this case, the two composite segments 19, 20 of a pair are arranged such that the two reinforcing bodies are formed adjacent to each other. The composite segments 1 are, locally limited, used at those positions of the tunnel shell, in which increased or at least temporarily increased forces occur. By the reinforcing body 5, the carrying capacity and the strength of the tunnel shell is improved. Thus, in all embodiments, the tunnel shell is preferably composed of conventional prefabricated segments which are replaced or formed by composite segments 1 in heavily loaded or temporarily highly stressed sections. In the present embodiment, the composite segments 1 are provided with a reinforcing body 5 only at one of their load-bearing end face 4. Optionally, however, in all embodiments, the composite segments may be provided on both load-removing end faces 4 each with a reinforcing body 5. In any case, the arrangement of the tunnel shell is preferably formed such that at each reinforcing body 5 of a composite segment 1 of the reinforcing body 5 of an adjacent composite segment 1 is applied.
    The reinforcing bodies 5 preferably form the load-bearing front side 4 of the composite segment 1. In particular, the composite segment 1 or its base body 3 is covered over a large area or completely by the reinforcing body 5, as is also shown in particular in the following figures and sectional views.
    2 shows a schematic representation of a development of a section of a tunnel shell, in particular in the region of a tunnel shell opening 25. The tunnel shell opening is formed, for example, by removing segments or by partially cutting and removing segment parts. The surrounding elements of the tunnel shell receive increased forces, at least during the existence of an unsupported tunnel shell opening 25. For this reason, according to the invention configured composite segments 1 are provided in this area. These have an increased load capacity compared to the conventional prefabricated segments 2. The joints running vertically in FIG. 2 are the so-called ring joints, which, in the case of a completed tunnel shell, extend substantially annularly along a normal plane to the longitudinal extension of the tunnel shell. The horizontally, ie transversely extending, joints between the elements of the tunnel shell shown in FIG. 2 are the so-called longitudinal joints which run along the longitudinal extension direction of the tunnel shell.
    In the highly loaded section, but also in other parts of the tunnel shell, thrust bolts 26 may be provided in all embodiments. These thrust bolts 26 connect two segments 2 or two composite segments 1 or a segment 2 with a composite segment 1 along or over the annular joint with each other. As a result, the forces acting on the tunnel shell opening 25 are redirected or transmitted to the segments arranged laterally of the tunnel shell opening 25. Those thrust bolts 26, which protrude into segments of the broken ring, are subjected to particularly high forces, in particular shear forces. These dark colored in Fig. 2 thrust bolts 26 may have an increased load capacity. Further thrust bolts 26, which are indeed arranged in the highly loaded section, but not in those rings which are interrupted by the tunnel shell opening 25, may have a lower load capacity than the previously described thrust bolts 26. To increase the load capacity, for example, the number of thrust bolts 26 in be increased to the heavily loaded area. Alternatively, the material strength of the shear pin 26 used in this area can be increased and / or the thickness of the bolts can be increased.
    The composite segments 1 each comprise a reinforcing body 5. Two adjacent connecting segments 1 abut with their respective reinforcing bodies 5 on the adjacent composite segment or on its reinforcing body 5, so that the composite segments arranged along a ring always abut each other with their reinforcing bodies 5.
    3 shows a sectional view of a part of an arrangement with two composite segments 1, in particular a first composite segment 19 and a second composite segment 20. The composite segments both comprise a main body 3 and a reinforcing body 5. The reinforcing bodies are respectively on the load-bearing end faces 4 of the composite segment 1 intended. The base body 3 are, as in this embodiment, preferably formed as a plate-shaped or bar-shaped body, which are provided on the base body 3 and on the load-bearing end face 6 of the base body 3 and preferably cover the load-bearing end face 6 completely or in large parts. On the outer surface 7 of the load-bearing end face 4 of the composite segment 1, each composite segment 1 comprises a load transfer surface 8. In the present embodiment, the
    Load transfer surface 8 of the second composite segment 20 delimited by a shoulder of the remaining end face 4 and protrudes beyond the remaining end face. In the first composite segment 19, the load transfer surface 8 is part of the outer surface of the load-bearing end face which is not physically delimited from the outer surface. In particular, the size of the load transfer surface 8 results from the contact with a second composite segment 1. Thus, the load transfer surface 8 is optionally defined in all embodiments by the contact surface with the adjacent composite segment 1. According to the invention, this load transfer surface 8 is smaller than the connecting surface 9. The connecting surface 9 is that surface which rests along the reinforcing body 5 on the base body 3 and in particular on the load-removing front side 6 of the base body 3. The reinforcing bodies 5 each comprise at least one, preferably two, sealing regions 13. In the present embodiment, the sealing regions 13 are in each case stepped or groove-shaped. In particular, at least one, preferably two, sealing grooves 24 are or are formed by merging two reinforcing bodies 5 through the respectively provided sealing regions 13. At least in the outer sealing groove 24, a seal 14 is provided in the present embodiment. A sealing region 13 preferably runs along all end sides of the composite segment 1, that is to say on both load-bearing end faces and furthermore on the two end faces which run along the annular joint. Preferably, the sealing region 13 extends along a continuous contour that extends around the entire composite segment.
    Furthermore, the composite segments 1 each comprise a fastening opening 15 for the passage or attachment of a fastening means 16. In the present embodiment, the fastening opening 15 of the first connecting segment 19 is designed as a blind hole which opens in the direction load-bearing end face 4. The attachment opening 15 of the second composite segment 20 is formed by a passage opening, which pierces parts of the base body and the entire reinforcing body 5 of the second composite segment 20. Thereby, a fastener 16 can be fixed through the attachment opening 15 of the second composite segment in a mounting opening 15 of the first composite segment 19, to connect the two composite segments 19, 20 firmly together. In particular, an internal thread can be provided in the blind hole into which a fastener 16 designed as a screw can be screwed in, as corresponds to the present illustration of FIG. 3. The thread can be cut directly into the material of the composite body.
    For centering the composite segments 19, 20 relative to each other and in particular for centering the two load-bearing end faces 6 with respect to each other, centering means 21 are provided. These centering means may for example be a pairing of a centering extension 22 with a centering opening 23, wherein a centering extension 22 on the reinforcing body 5 of a composite segment and the centering opening 23 may be provided on the reinforcing body 5 of the other composite segment, so that the centering extension 22 eigeführt for centering in the centering opening 23 can be. According to unillustrated embodiments, the centering may also be via other conventional centering means such as centering sleeves which are inserted into the mounting hole 15, via dowel screws which are inserted into the mounting hole 15 or by other means.
    Furthermore, the composite segments of the present embodiment comprise injection lines 17, which project into the region between reinforcing body 5 and main body 3 and in particular to the end face 6 of the main body 3 in order to be able to introduce an injection agent into this area as required. Such an injection medium can be, for example, a sealant which can be supplied from the outside in order to be able to subsequently seal an optionally existing gap between the base body 3 and the reinforcing body 5. For this purpose, for example, a curable sealant is introduced through the injection line 17 in the area concerned.
    4 shows a further sectional view of two composite segments 1, in particular of a first composite segment 19 and a second composite segment 20. In particular, the sectional representation of FIG. 4 corresponds to a sectional representation of the composite segments from FIG. 3, but at a different location. The composite segments each comprise mutually facing reinforcing bodies 5, which are respectively arranged on their load-transmitting end faces 4. The reinforcing bodies 5 are preferably connected to the respective base body 3 via at least one, preferably over a plurality of anchor extensions 18, as shown in this embodiment. The anchor extensions 18 are anchor-shaped body, in particular rod-shaped body which are preferably formed undercut sections. The anchor extensions 18 are fixedly connected to the respective basic body and project from it on the side of the reinforcing body 5 opposite the load-bearing front side 4.
    These protruding extensions are subsequently connected firmly to the main body 3. This connection can be made for example by screwing, pouring or pressing into an opening of the base body 3. The connection of the anchor extensions 18 with the respective reinforcing body 5 can be effected for example by a screw connection, a welded connection or a press connection or by similar rigid connections. Optionally, the anchor extension is integrally connected to the reinforcing body 5.
    The thickness 10 of the reinforcing body 5 is preferably dimensioned in all embodiments in such a way that a distribution which is provided by the load transfer surface 8 forces on a sufficiently large surface of the connecting surface 9 is made possible. In particular, the thickness 10 corresponds approximately to the distance 11 of the load transfer surface 8 from the longitudinal edge 12. Preferably, the ratio of the thickness 10 to the distance 11 is about 0.7 to 1.3. In particular, the thickness 10 of the reinforcing body 5 is dimensioned such that the force which is introduced through the load transfer surface 8 into the reinforcing body 5 at the connecting surface 9 of the reinforcing body 5 on the base body 3 causes a surface pressure below the maximum surface pressure of the material of the main body. 3 lies. The schematically illustrated force or stress lines generally run at a right angle from the load transfer surface 8, are distributed conically, depending on material values in about a 45 ° cone and end orthogonally in that area through which the force is passed. Due to the approximately 45 ° angle of the cone results in a ratio of the thickness 10 to the distance 11 of about 1: 1.
    Furthermore, in all embodiments, as shown for example in FIG. 4, a fire protection coating 27 or a fire protection coating 27 may be provided on the inner sides of the composite segments 1, in particular on the inner sides of the reinforcing bodies 5.
    Subsequently, a method for forming a tunnel shell according to the invention will be described with reference to an exemplary embodiment. In particular, the method will be described in detail with reference to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. In normally loaded zones and portions of the tunnel shell, the tunnel shell is preferably formed by conventional prefabricated segments 2, such as by conventional concrete segments. In that area in which a higher load is to be expected, composite segments 1 according to the invention are used instead of conventional segments. These each have a reinforcing body 5 on one or both load-bearing end faces 4. In particular, the composite segments 1 are aligned with each other so that they rest with their reinforcing bodies 5 or with their load transfer surfaces 8 to each other.
    In order to distribute the forces acting on a ring on several rings, thrust bolts 26 can be provided, which allow a force transmission of a ring to a ring adjacent to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel shell. Such thrust bolts 26 can be provided exclusively in the region of increased load, but possibly also in the entire tunnel or along the entire tunnel shell.
    In order to form, for example, a tunnel shell opening 25, a continuous tunnel shell can be formed in a first step, composite segments 1 being arranged in that region which is to surround the planned tunnel shell opening 25, in particular in the heavily loaded regions. These composite segments 1 are preferably used instead of the conventional prefabricated segments. Subsequently, those segments of the tunnel shell are removed or partially removed, which are arranged in the region of the tunnel shell opening 25 to be formed. If these segments are removed, those forces that act on the interrupted by the tunnel shell opening 25 rings, in particular via the thrust bolts 26, on the adjacent segments, but due to their increased load capacity can absorb the forces while maintaining their maximum load capacity. Subsequently, especially after the tunnel shell opening 25 has been established, the tunnel shell opening 25 can be supported by a support frame such as a ring or another tunnel shell entering, for example, through the tunnel shell opening 25, thus also stressing the interrupted rings by this collar or carried by this additional tunnel tray. As a result, the composite segments 1 can be relieved again. This further tunnel shell is preferably a secondary tunnel shell, ie a tunnel shell of a secondary tunnel, which opens into the tunnel shell in the region of the tunnel shell opening 25. As a result, for example, a branch can be formed. In one embodiment, in which a secondary tunnel shell branches off from a tunnel shell, in particular a main tunnel shell, the tunnel shell comprises a main tunnel shell and a secondary tunnel shell. The secondary tunnel shell preferably forms a support frame for supporting the tunnel shell opening 25. The support frame preferably remains in the tunnel shell.
    Optionally, however, the composite segments 1 can also be exposed to permanently increased loads.
    Exemplary composite segments for forming a tunnel with a diameter of about 10 m may, for example, have the following dimensions, it being noted that these dimensions are adapted substantially proportionally according to load and tunnel diameter:
    The wall thickness of the composite segment or the conventional segment may be, for example, 300 to 600 mm, preferably about 450 mm. The thickness of the reinforcing body may be, for example, 80 to 120 mm, preferably about 100 mm. The width of the load transfer surface, which is measured in particular in the radial direction of the tunnel shell, and corresponds for example to the curved clamp of the reference numeral 8 in FIG. 3, may be, for example, 190 to 250 mm, preferably about 220 mm. For example, the anchor extensions may protrude about 150 to 250 mm from the back of the reinforcing bodies and have a diameter of about 20 to 40 mm. Optionally, the surface of the anchor extensions is structured, in particular provided with undercuts, in order to effect a better anchoring in the base body. Preferably, the reinforcing bodies, the anchor extensions and the fastening means are formed from the same material or from equivalent materials, so that in particular the tendency to corrosion is reduced. Optionally, the sealing area of a
    Reinforcement body as parallel to the side edge of the reinforcing body and spaced from the side edge of the reinforcing body extending groove formed. A similar or mirrored sealing area can be provided in the adjoining reinforcing body, resulting in a sealing chamber, which is optionally open to the outside through a narrow gap. The sealing chamber can be sealed for example by a sealing profile. The resulting narrow gap or the narrow gap, which opens the seal chamber to the outside, can be closed for example by a joint tape such as in particular a Kaubit joint tape. Such an arrangement can be seen for example in the upper seal groove 24 in FIG. The lower sealing groove 24 of FIG. 3 is in particular designed such that subsequently a seal can be used. Flierzu has the sealing groove 24 inlet slopes, which make it possible to use an elastically deformable seal later.
    The composite segment according to the invention and the tunnel shell according to the invention can be used in particular for the formation of tunnels, tunnels, shafts and / or caverns.
    权利要求:
    Claims (29)
    [1]
    claims
    1. composite segment (1) for forming an at least temporarily highly loaded portion of a prefabricated segments (2) composite tunnel shell, said composite segment adapted to the shape of the tunnel shell base body (3) made of reinforced concrete, characterized in that on at least one load-bearing end face (4) of the composite segment (1) a reinforcing body (5) is provided.
    [2]
    2. Composite segment according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing body (5) is a plate-shaped or bar-shaped body which forms at least one load-bearing end face (4) of the composite segment (1) and / or the entire load-removing end face (6) of the main body ( 3) completely or largely covers.
    [3]
    3. Composite segment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that - the reinforcing body (5) is formed from a material having a higher maximum surface pressure than the material of the base body (3), - and / or that the reinforcing body (5 ) has a lower brittleness than the material of the base body (3).
    [4]
    4. Composite segment according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reinforcing body (5) made of steel and / or stainless steel is formed.
    [5]
    5. Composite segment according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that - the reinforcing body (5) in the outer surface (7) of the load-removing end face (4) of the composite segment (1) lying load transfer surface (8) for surface contact with an adjacent Element of the tunnel shell, - that the reinforcing body (5) on the base body (3) has a flat abutting connection surface (9), - and that the connecting surface (9) is greater than the load transfer surface (8).
    [6]
    6. Composite segment according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the size ratio of normal to the load-removing end face (4) considered thickness (10) of the reinforcing body (5) relative to the distance (11) of the load transfer surface (8) from a longitudinal edge ( 12) is between 0.7 and 1.3.
    [7]
    7. Composite segment according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a trained as a groove and / or step sealing area (13) for receiving a seal (14) is provided, which is linear next to the load transfer surface (8) on the load-bearing End face (4) extends, in particular over the entire load-bearing end face (4) extends.
    [8]
    8. Composite segment according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that designed as a groove and / or as a step sealing area (13) for receiving a seal (14) is provided, which extends linearly along all the end faces of the composite segment (1). extends.
    [9]
    9. composite segment according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the reinforcing body (5) has a fastening opening (15) for receiving a fastening means (16) such as in particular a fastening screw, a fastening bolt or a fixing dowel.
    [10]
    10. Composite segment according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the reinforcing body (5) has a fastening opening (15) for receiving a fastening means (16), and that the fastening opening (15) as a reinforcing body (5) and optionally a through-opening penetrating part of the main body (3) or as a blind hole opened to the load-removing front side (4), optionally an internal thread being provided in the blind hole.
    [11]
    11. The composite segment according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the reinforcing body (5) has a fastening opening (15) for receiving a fastening means (16), and that the fastening opening (15) as a reinforcing body (5) and optionally a through-opening penetrating a part of the main body (3) or as a blind hole opened to the load-removing end side (4), wherein the opening of the blind hole and / or the passage opening of the through-opening are arranged within the load transfer surface (8).
    [12]
    12. Composite segment according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that an injection line (17) for introducing an injection means, in particular a sealing means is provided, which in the between the base body (3) and the reinforcing body (5) lying connecting surface (9 protrudes.
    [13]
    13. Composite segment according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the reinforcing body (5) on its load transfer surface (8) opposite side carries at least one, preferably a plurality of anchor extensions (18) fixedly connected to the base body (3) and in particular firmly in the base body (3) are cast.
    [14]
    14. Composite segment according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a reinforcing body (5) is provided on a load-bearing end face (4) of the composite segment (1) or on both load-removing end faces (4) of the composite segment (1).
    [15]
    15. Composite segment according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the composite segment (1) is a Sondertübbing to form a part of a tunnel shell.
    [16]
    16 tunnel shell, comprising a plurality of prefabricated concrete segments (2), characterized in that in an at least temporarily highly loaded portion of the tunnel shell at least one composite segment (1) is provided according to one of the preceding claims.
    [17]
    17. tunnel shell according to claim 16, characterized in that in the at least temporarily highly loaded portion, a first composite segment (19) and a second composite segment (20) are provided, which are both configured according to at least one of the preceding claims, and that the first composite segment ( 19) abuts with its reinforcing body (5) on the reinforcing body (5) of the second composite segment (19) and / or that the first composite segment (19) with the load transfer surface (8) of its reinforcing body (5) flat against the load transfer surface (8) of the reinforcing body (5) of the second composite segment (20).
    [18]
    18. Tunnel shell according to one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the attachment opening (15) of the first composite segment (19) and the attachment opening (15) of the second composite segment (20) are arranged in alignment, and that a fastening means (16) for Connection of the two composite segments (19, 20) by or into the mounting holes (15) protrudes.
    [19]
    19. Tunnel shell according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that at least one centering means (21) for positional centering of the first composite segment (19) to the second composite segment (20) and in particular for positional centering of the load transfer surface (8) of the first composite segment (19) is provided to the load transfer surface (8) of the second composite segment (20).
    [20]
    20. Tunnel shell according to one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that at least one centering means (21) for positional centering of the first composite segment (19) to the second composite segment (20) and in particular for positional centering of the load transfer surface (8) of the first composite segment (19). to the load transfer surface (8) of the second composite segment (20), and in that the centering means (21) comprises a centering extension (22) extending from the reinforcing body (5) of one composite segment into a centering opening (23) of the reinforcing body (5) of the other Composite segment protrudes.
    [21]
    21. Tunnel shell according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the first composite segment (19) together with the second composite segment (20) and in particular the sealing region (13) of the reinforcing body (5) of the first composite segment (19) together with the Sealing region (5) of the reinforcing body (5) of the second composite segment (20) forms a sealing groove (24) in which a seal (14) is provided for sealing the tunnel shell.
    [22]
    22. Tunnel shell according to one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the tunnel shell comprises a plurality configured as tubbing prefabricated segments (2) made of reinforced concrete, wherein the concrete extends to the load-bearing end faces of the segments (2) whereby the load-bearing end faces of the segments (2) are formed from concrete, and that in an at least temporarily highly loaded portion of the tunnel shell designed as Sondertübbinge composite segments (1) are provided.
    [23]
    23. Tunnel shell according to one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that the tunnel shell in the region of the at least temporarily highly loaded portion has a tunnel shell opening (25), and that the tunnel shell in the tunnel shell opening (25) at least partially formed of composite segments (1) is and / or that the tunnel shell opening (25) is at least partially surrounded by the composite segments (1).
    [24]
    24. Tunnel shell according to one of claims 16 to 23, characterized in that - the tunnel shell comprises a main tunnel shell and a secondary tunnel shell, - that the main tunnel shell in the region of at least temporarily highly loaded portion has a tunnel shell opening (25) from which branches off the side tunnel shell.
    [25]
    25. Tunnel shell according to one of claims 16 to 24, characterized in that - the tunnel shell opening (25) is provided with a support frame, wherein the support frame is a secondary tunnel shell, which opens in the tunnel shell opening in the main tunnel shell or branches off from this or support frame a wreath is, and that the load acting on the highly loaded portion is at least partially supported by the support frame, whereby the composite segments are at least partially relieved.
    [26]
    26. A method for forming a tunnel shell, wherein the tunnel shell is formed in particular according to one of claims 16 to 25, comprising the following steps: - continuously forming the tunnel shell by juxtaposing several prefabricated concrete segments, - forming the at least temporarily highly stressed portion of the tunnel shell by juxtaposing the composite segments ,
    [27]
    27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the tunnel shell is provided in the region of the at least temporarily highly loaded portion with a tunnel shell opening, wherein the tunnel shell opening is formed in a region which is at least partially surrounded by composite segments of the tunnel shell.
    [28]
    28. The method according to claim 27, characterized in that the tunnel shell opening is formed after the formation of a continuous tunnel shell by removing concrete segments of the tunnel shell and / or by partially removing concrete segments or composite segments of the tunnel shell.
    [29]
    29. The method according to any one of claims 27 or 28, characterized in that the tunnel shell opening is provided with a support frame, wherein the support frame is in particular a wreath or a secondary tunnel shell, which opens in the tunnel shell opening in the main tunnel shell, and that on the highly loaded Section acting load is at least partially supported by the support frame, whereby the composite segments are at least partially relieved.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT518840B1|2018-12-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB1585770A|1976-08-05|1981-03-11|Tsuzuki J|Concrete segment|
    JP2002147182A|2000-11-14|2002-05-22|Penta Ocean Constr Co Ltd|Structure for preventing dropout of assembling bolt for segment equipped with tenon|
    EP1243753A1|2001-03-23|2002-09-25|Hochtief Aktiengesellschaft|Tubing segment for lining a tunnel|
    EP1890001A1|2006-08-19|2008-02-20|Hochtief Construction AG|Special tubbing for tunnel construction|WO2020160582A1|2019-02-04|2020-08-13|Technische Universität Wien|Reinforced concrete tubbing segment|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50574/2016A|AT518840B1|2016-06-24|2016-06-24|Composite segment, tunnel shell and method|ATA50574/2016A| AT518840B1|2016-06-24|2016-06-24|Composite segment, tunnel shell and method|
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